What type of scientist is most likely to study how an ocean current changes according to the seasons

What is photosystem 1 and photosystem 2 and what do they do? What are the steps ?

lesantik [10]

P I and PII are proteic compounds present in the thylakoid membrane that contain about 300 chlorophyll molecules each.

First of all light with a wavelength of 690nm is absorbed by P II. The light excites an electron that leads to the photolysis of water(H2O--->2H+ +2e- + 1/2O2). The two electrons released go into the electron transport chain. The second compound in electron transport chain is plastoquinone that is reduced when it accepts electrons then oxidised when it loses them to P I. The next two compounds are cytocromes that make hydrogen protons go inside the thylakoid when they recieve the electrons.(I will mention what happens to the H+ in the second step). The next compound in the electron transport chain is a compound that contains Fe and S. The electrons finally reach the last step: Reduction of NADP+ to NADPH+H+.

In the second step is ATP synthesis. Hydrogen protons accumulate inside the thylakoid membrane. An electrochemical gradient is formed. The protons can leave the thylakoid according to this gradient through an enzyme.

When the protons flow through , it turns ADP into ATP.

<u>To sumarize: the role of P II is O2 production through photolysis and ATP synthesis(indirectly) The role of P I is NADPH+H+ synthesis.</u>

3 0

3 years ago

A point mutation changes one nucleotide at a random location in human DNA. How likely is the mutation to cause a change In the a

andrew-mc [135]

Answer: Very unlikely

Explanation:

Generally, point mutation can be easily reversed by another point mutation, so

before any changes occur in the amino acid sequence, it would have been corrected.

However, when point mutation occurs within the protein coding region of a gene it may results in the change of a single nucleotide to cause the substitution of a different amino acid (which renders the protein non-functional) as in the case of sickle-cell disease.

And this kind of point mutation is specifically called Missense mutation.

Above all, because point mutation is easily reversible, it is very unlikely to change the amino acid sequence of a protein

7 0

4 years ago

How many ATP molecules are produced during fermentation

QveST [7]

The web energy gain in fermentation is 2 ATP molecules<span>/glucose molecule. In both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation, all the NADH produced in glycolysis is consumed in fermentation, so there is no web NADH production,

I hope this helped[;</span>

7 0

3 years ago

A type of aneurysm in which blood leaks between layers of the vessel wall, tearing them apart, is called

olga2289 [7]

An aneurysm that divides the three layers of the artery wall, as opposed to inflating out the entire wall, is known as a dissecting aneurysm.

<h3>What causes an aneurysm to form?</h3>

Multiple circumstances that lead to the breakdown of the well-organized structural elements (proteins) of the aortic wall, which maintain and stabilize the wall, can result in an aneurysm. Uncertainty surrounds the precise cause. Aneurysmal disease is thought to be significantly influenced by atherosclerosis, which is the hardening of the arteries with plaque.

Surgical intervention can be required since an aneurysm may continue to grow in size and the arterial wall may deteriorate over time. One of the objectives of therapy is to prevent aneurysm rupture. The risk of an aneurysm rupturing increases with its size (bursting). A rupture could lead to fatal hemorrhage (uncontrolled bleeding), which is life-threatening.

For more information regarding arterial wall, visit:

brainly.com/question/14015132

#SPJ1

5 0

2 years ago

The citric acid is a stage of catabolism that oxidizes acetate into carbon dioxide and generates energy. There are eight enzymes

3241004551 [841]

Answer:

1.(a ) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

(c) malate dehydrogenase

(d) isocitrate dehydrogenase

2. b. isocitrate dehydrogenase d. alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

3. b. citrate synthase (c) succinyl-CoA synthesase

4. b. alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase c. citrate synthase d. malate dehydrogenase

5. a. aconitase

Explanation:

The citric acid cycle is responsible for the oxidation of acetyl-CoA produced from pyruvate from glycolysis. The citric acid cycle has eight steps requiring nine enzymatic reactions involving eight enzymes.

The enzymes in the citric acid cycle are: citrate synthase , aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase , succinyl-CoA synthesase, succinate dehydrogenase , fumarase , and malate dehydrogenase .

1. The dehydrogenation reactions of isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase , and malate dehydrogenase produces NADH from isocitrate, alpha-ketoglutarate and malate respectively.

2. Oxidative decorboxylation (removal of carbon as CO₂) also occurs in the reactions of isocitrate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase to produce alpha-ketoglutarate and succinyl-CoA respectively.

3. Coenzyme-A (CoA-SH) is produced in the reactions of citrate synthase and succinyl-CoA sythetase to produce citrate and succinate respectively.

4. The enzymes alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase has alpha-ketoglutarate as substrate , whereas citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase has oxaloacetate as substrate. These substrates are alpha-keto acids.

5. Aconitase catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate by first a dehydration and then a hydration reaction.

6 0

4 years ago