This character trait is known as homoplasy. the definition of  homoplasy that two or more species share a character, but they did not descend from a common ancestor.
This trait is known as convergent evolution, or convergence. 
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Oxygen or Minerals or Sugars (Oxygen is the most relevant one)
Explanation:
To survive, every cell must have a constant supply of vital substances such as sugar, minerals, and oxygen, and dispose of waste products, all carried back and forth by the blood cells. Without these substances, cells would die in a very short period of time.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
A
Explanation:
As it is caused by human intervention and doesn't occur naturally.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Obstructive shock.
Explanation:
Obstructive shock may be defined as the shock that are associated with the physical obstruction of the vessels of the heart. The  cardiac tamponade and  Pulmonary embolism are included under obstructive shock.
Thrombosis is the blood clot formation in the blood vessels. This has caused the pulmonary embolsim. This is referred as obstructive shock as the heart vessel has been damaged in this case and also shows the cardiogenic shock in the patient.
Thus, the correct answer is obstructive shock.