Hate crimes occur because of RACISM.
Hate crime is crime that is specifically targeted toward people of a certain race or group.
Option A is correct.
People living during the Middle Ages were very superstitious. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the last option. Since the people of the Middle Ages were very much segregated by caste, so they were very much dependent on the higher society people and whatever they said were from God was the thinking of the lower class people.
Louisiana, like most southern states, seems really angry about losing the civil War. The war was mainly fought over the right to own slaves. Once they were free, owners didn't know what to do with their lives anymore. These laws were made so that they could keep Free African Americans oppressed while still following the laws of the federal government. The hate for people of color actually increased after the war since they could no longer fully own them as property. The laws actually acted like a sign to free slaves saying "You will never be free".