The answer is letter B has commercial uses such as Alcohol production and bread making.
Oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrogen!
Answer:
<em> The carrying capacity is determined only by the density-dependent factors.</em>
Explanation:
The maximum number of organisms of a particular species that an environment can hold is known as the carrying capacity of that environment. The carrying capacity depends on density-dependent factors as well as density- independent factors like weather, sunlight etc.
Beyond the carrying capacity, the organisms will begin to fight with each other for limited resources. The environment will become unstable as the resources will be scarce and individuals will be more.
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Bias can happen in sampling. The propensity of a sample statistic to systematically under- or
over-approximate a population is referred to as bias.
To add, in statistics, sampling bias is a bias in
which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the
intended population are less likely to be included than others.
The following are some types of biases in Statistics:
Selection bias includes individuals being more
likely to be chosen for study than others, biasing
the sample. This can also be termed Berksonian bias
In statistical hypothesis testing, a
test is said to be unbiased if for some alpha level (between 0 and
1), the probability the null is not accepted is less than or equal to the alpha
level for the entire parameter space defined by the null hypothesis, while the
probability the null is rejected is greater than or equal to the alpha level
for the entire criterion space interpreted by the alternate hypothesis.
