<span>The correct answer is A. Carbon. That's why things like breads and other whole grain foods, including all types of pasta, are called carbohydrates. They are a great source of quick energy but one should not eat a lot of them because they can make you obese if you're not careful. Chocolate and other sweets are also great sources of carbohydrates. </span>
Osmosis
Osmosis is movement of a solvent, across a semi-permeable membrane.
Viruses use energy from their hosts to reproduce. viruses do not have most of the parts needed to be considered living, but it does reproduce and evolve.
Answer:
The entrance of the antigen activates cell signaling pathways through cytokines secreted by B cells, thereby triggering an immune response >> Subsequently, B cells also act in antigen processing by presenting them to T-cells.
Explanation:
An antigen is a molecule that binds to an antibody or a B cell receptor. Cell interaction is produced by direct contact of cells in multicellular organisms and this interaction may also be associated with immune responses through intercellular communication by cytokines. The cytokines are released and then bind to cell receptors to trigger an immune response (for instance, inflammation). It is possible to trace the secretion of cytokines and their corresponding receptors by analyzing specific gene expression patterns. The B cells are critical components of the immune system because they release cytokines in response to antigenic stimuli, and they also present antigens to T cells.
