In photosynthesis experiment, the effect of the light will be observe during the starch production- thus you need to have a plant without a starch to observe if the starch is produced during photosynthesis. Letting the leaves of the plant deprived from light for 48 hours will be forced to use its reserved starch making the storage of the starch decrease.
Electroosmotic is a Physical Chemistry it is the motion of a liquid through a membrane under the influence of an applied electric field. Electroosmotic flow is most significant when in small channels. Electroosmotic flow is an essential component in chemical separation techniques, notably capillary electrophoresis.
write it in your own words:
"In humans, five days after the fertilization, the blastocyst performs zona hatching; the zona pellucida degenerates and decomposes, to be replaced by the underlying layer of trophoblastic cells. The zona pellucida is essential for oocyte growth and fertilization."
The zona pellucida supports communication between oocytes and follicle cells during oogenesis; protects oocytes, eggs, and embryos during development, and regulates interactions between ovulated eggs and free-swimming sperm during and following fertilization.
