Answer:
The answer is 3. popular sovereignty
From all the aforementioned, significant periods in Chinese history were marked by the: Shang, Qing and Xia. The answer to your question us 1, 4 and 5. I hope that this is the answer that you were looking for and it has helped you.
However, determining the precise beginning and ending to any "period" is often arbitrary, since it has changed over time over the course of history.
