A proton gradient is an important part of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration because couple the favorable flow of H+ to transport specific metabolites into and out of organelles.
<h3>What is the proton gradient?</h3>
The gradient is sometimes called the proton-motive and can be thought of as a form of energy, force and force in a battery. Like other ions, protons are not able to cross directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane, as the interior of the membrane is hydrophobic.
The proton gradient generated by this manipulation provided a driving force for ATP synthesis in the absence of light. This confirms the chemiosmotic theory, where a chemical potential across the membrane can provide energy for ATP synthesis.
The proton gradient produced by pumping protons during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP.
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Once you have stopped for a school bus, do not pass until the driver signals you to proceed, the red lights stop flashing, or the bus starts moving ahead. Whenever a vehicle ahead of you stops to let a pedestrian pass in front of you, you should stay in line and until the vehicle ahead proceeds.
Answer:
option B: one species decreases the probability that a second species will become established
Explanation:
Inhibition as a mechanism of succession occurs when some early species which could also include pioneer species make the site less suitable for the development of other species and do not allow them to become established and grow. When eventually these early species die, other species that were hindered will subsequently grow and become established gradually giving rise to a climax community.
A sudden inrush of water could over whelm animals and possibly kill them if the water is of a different type.
1. Conduction, convection, radiation
2. True
3. Absorbed, scattered, reflected, transmitted
4. Albedo, greenhouse effect
