Answer:
Electron Transport Chain
Explanation:
Electron transport Chain (ETC) is utilized both in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. In cellular respiration, it is a later stage whereas in photosynthesis it occurs earlier.
Electrons are passed through various complexes or electron carriers in ETC. During this process simultaneous oxidation and reduction of various molecules takes place. H+ gradient is generated across the membrane which is utilized by ATP synthase to generate ATP from ADP. While ATP is the final product in cellular respiration, in photosynthesis it is used to produce sugar molecule in the next stage which is Calvin cycle.
Answer:
In gram staining, 95% ethanol is used to destain the gram-negative bacteria but gram-positive bacteria do not get destain because peptidoglycan layer in gram-positive cell wall does not allow crystal violet- iodine complex to come out of the cell wall.
Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan cell wall and so crystal violet comes out of the cell wall by using 95% ethanol because ethanol dissolves the lipopolysaccharide membrane of gram-negative bacteria and allow the dye to leak out.
Therefore if I forgot to apply 95% ethanol than crystal violet dye will not come out of the lipopolysaccharide cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and it will appear violet under the microscope.
Answer:
"A frameshift mutation is a type of mutation involving the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in which the number of deleted base pairs is not divisible by three. "Divisible by three" is important because the cell reads a gene in groups of three bases. Each group of three bases corresponds to one of 20 different amino acids used to build a protein. If a mutation disrupts this reading frame, then the entire DNA sequence following the mutation will be read incorrectly."
Explanation:
Klinfelters syndrome is when there is an extra X chromosome in males.
So instead of the normal sex chromosomes for males (XY), a male with klinefelters syndrome will have XXY.
I have included a pic of the karyotype to give you a better idea of what I'm talking about.
Hope this helps! I'm happy to help with any other questions you might have :)
