Answer:
Answered below.
Explanation:
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is a disease characterized by a progressive and severe muscle weakness. It affects the cardiac and respiratory muscles leading to death because of the failure of these muscles. Death usually occurs in early adulthood. The disease is inherited and is caused by mutations on the DMD gene.
Histological findings in this disease show whorled muscle fibres, increase in fatty replacement of muscles, increase in endomysial fibres, regeneration, necrosis and myofibre splitting.
There is an observable variation in the sizes of the myofibres, with large and hypertrophic fibres mixing with small and atrophied fibres. There's also an increased internal nuclei.
Answer:
Semi-conservative replication
Explanation:
After the double-helix discovery of Watson and Crick, there were three possible models about the DNI replication:
- The Conservative model stated that the two strands of DNI together were the template of another new molecule. The final product was the original double-stranded molecule and the new molecule.
- The semi-conservative model stated that the original DNI molecule separated into two strands, and each of them served as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. The replication product would be two double-stranded DNA molecules, each carrying an original strand a new one.
- The Dispersive moles stated that the replication product would be two molecules made by a mixture of segments of the original and the new molecules.
Meselson and Stahl joined to discover which of the models was the correct one. To do it they used E. coli and Nitrogen isotopes.
- First, they extracted DNI from bacteria grown in a medium with N¹⁴ and got its density band by centrifugation.
- Then they grew bacteria in a medium with N¹⁵, extracted their DNI molecules, centrifugated them, and got the density band, which was heavier than the firsts ones.
- The researchers then transferred bacteria grown in medium with N¹⁵ to a medium with N¹⁴, and they allowed only one replication process to occur. DNI was extracted and centrifugated again, and a new band appeared. This band was an intermediate form between bands of DNI-N¹⁵ and DNI-N¹⁴.
This event <em>eliminated the conservative model</em>. If this model were correct, the expected result would be to get two bands: one corresponding to the density DNI-N¹⁵ and the other corresponding to the density DNI-N¹⁴.
- Bacteria grown in a medium with N¹⁵ and then transferred to a medium with N¹⁴ were finally allowed to replicate twice. Their DNI was extracted and centrifugated. The result was two bands: one of them coincided with the intermediate band, and the other one with the DNI-N¹⁴.
<u>This result was conclusive</u> because if the dispersal model were correct, these two bands should not appear, as all the DNI strands would have part of the original molecule.
With this experiment, Meselson and Stahl proved that the correct replication model was the semi-conservative one.
Answer:
The physical space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons is called the synaptic cleft
and the chemical that is released to signal across this space is called a neurotransmitter
Explanation:
A synapse is the junction between dendrites of two adjacent neurons. Its function is to allow the transmission of nerve impulses from neurone to neurone. Tn the presynaptic knob there are vesicles which contain a transmitter substance which is usually acetylcholine. The acetylcholine diffuses from the presynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic membrane.
