Answer:
Almost all the animals can heal wounds, but only some can regenerate. One hypothesis is that certain regeneration-specific genes are expressed exclusively in regenerative species and evolutionarily lost in nonregenerative species.
Explanation:
Good luck and have a great day!
Answer:
third and fourth trophic levels
Explanation:
Mitochondria should be the answer
In transverse waves, the particle movement is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Light and other types of electromagnetic radiation are examples of transverse waves. Some other examples of transverse waves include a ripple on a pond and a wave in a string.
Answer:
Adaptive defenses include both humoral and cellular immunity.
Explanation:
The innate immune response is the non-specific immune response and serves to provide an immediate and general immune response. The adaptive immune responses are the specific immune responses. Adaptive immune responses include cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity.
Cell-mediated immunity includes T cells (cytotoxic and helper T cells) while antibody-mediated immunity includes the production of antibodies from B cells. Binding of antigen to B cells is followed by their transformation into plasma cells and produce antibodies. Some of the activated B cells form memory B cells that are responsible for quicker and strong secondary immune responses.
