The one that is being referred to as the whole set of meanings, beliefs, attitudes, and ways of doing things that are shared by some homogenous social group and typically handed down from generation to generation is called culture. A culture is considered to be a norm and a social behavior in which humans consider it to be a central concept as the beliefs, attitudes, and customs are being transmitted or passed down from one group to another.
A, because that is the basis for the concept of risk pooling.
Short Term memory is the answer to the question