So for the first one, you'll need to write out all the factors of both 30 and 16. (30--1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30) (16--1, 2, 4, 8, 16) The biggest number that goes into both 30 and 16 is 2.
For the second kne, its the same thing. (48--1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48) (18--1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18) The biggest number that can go into both 48 and 18 is 6.
If you have a Ti-84 series calculator, press "stat" then "Edit..." and then fill in the data table values for x and y in two lists. Then press "2nd" and "mode" to quit. Now press "stat" again and right arrow over to "calc" and press down until you find "ExpReg" and set the "Xlist" and "Ylist" that you used and you will get C as the answer. Another way to do this is to manually substitute values into all 4 equations, which is boring.