DNA ligases are used for bonding a new gene.
<span>In a process of DNA cloning, the gene of interest is inserted into the DNA plasmid of bacteria. Different enzymes are used for different steps of this process. For example, restriction enzymes are enzymes used for cutting the DNA and DNA ligases are used for joining together different DNAs. Such plasmid (with a new piece of DNA) is inserted inside the bacteria in the process called transformation.</span>
Answer:
Abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.
Biotic factors, can be described as any living component that affects another organism or shapes the ecosystem.
i think since we have gone as far as our solar system boundaries the next big thing to achieve is to actually travel to another solar system, the challenge that would face anyone trying to reach another solar system is the distance, the distance is too long to cut with a speed slower than the speed of light in fact even the speed of light is not convenient for someone to travel and reach the other side before he dies and nothing can reach or exceed the speed of light because then they would lose their mass to energy, two proposed technologies to get past that is hibernation which is keeping the body alive in a sleeping state using a break through technology the other would be using a wormhole but we don't know of any in the moment
In natural selection, genotype variations that will increase the chance of survival and reproduction of some organism are preserved and will be inherited. If there is no variation, then all individuals have the same chance to survive and nothing will be particularly selected.