Answer:2 the lupine dependent butterflies would disappear.
If the spraying of pesticides will remove all the insects then there will be no insect that will pollinate the lupine flowers. So this will cause removal of lupine species from the environment. And the lupine dependent butterflies will not be able to release their egg on these specific flower and will also disappear from the environment.
The removal of lupine flower from the environment will lead disappearing of these lupine dependent butterflies.
B - energy flow from one tropic level to the next
A common resource (or the "commons") is any scarce resource, such as water or pasture, that provides users with tangible benefits but which nobody in particular owns or has exclusive claim to. A major concern with common resources is overuse, especially when there are poor social-management systems in place to protect the core resource.
Plants maintain homeostasis by keeping their stomata open just enough to allow photosynthesis to take place but not so much that they lose an excessive amount of water.
When plant cells use the food they make, the cells respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide.
- Hope this helps
