Answer:
The ability of caffeine to inhibit adenosine receptors, plays a very important role in heightened alertness and sleeplessness.
Explanation:
"<em><u>Caffeine</u></em>" (<em>1,3,7-trimethylxanthine</em>) is an alkaloid obtained from plants. It has a chemical formula of C8H10N4O2.
Caffeine is generally <em>hydrophillic</em> but sufficiently <em>lipophilic</em> to pass through all biological membranes and readily cross the blood-brain barrier.
Therefore can bind with the adenosine receptors. Due to the blocking of adenosine inhibitory effects through its receptors held by paraxanthine and caffeine, it indirectly affects the release of <u>norepinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, glutamate</u> e.t.c.
The release of the above-mentioned hormones have a great impact on the heightened alertness of the body, especially <em>dopamine</em> and <em>serotonin</em>.
Answer:
hepatitis A is the only one
Answer:
<u>B) Polycystic kidney disease</u>
Explanation:
<u>A) Hypospadias</u>
It is a congenital disease characterized by an abnormal urethral opening on the dorsum of penis.
<u>B) Polycystic kidney disease</u>
It is a disease characterized by the multiple cysts in the kidney as implied by the name.
<u>C) Cystitis</u>
It is defined as the infection of urinary bladder.
<u>D) Dysuria</u>
It is defined as painful urination. It can be due to infection or other underlying disease.
<u>E) Epispadias</u>
It is a congenital disease characterized by an abnormal urethral opening on the ventral surface of penis. It is much less common than hypospadias.
<u>CORRECT ANSWER</u>
From the options, the most appropriate answer is <u>B) Polycystic kidney</u> as it is a disease characterized by the formation of cysts in the kidney. These cysts obstruct urinary flow.
Bioremediation is the process of using living organisms to detoxify a location. Microbes are used to clean up contaminated soil and groundwater. The organisms that are used in this process are: bacteria, fungi, archaea. For example, b<span>acteria are introduced to the area of the spill where they break down the hydrocarbons of the oil into carbon dioxide;</span>..
