Nicked circle is the reason.
Explanation:
During recombinant DNA technology the gene of interest is ligated to plasmid DNA by excision with molecular scissors or endonuclease enzyme and ligated with enzyme ligase.
Enzyme ligase catalysed by ATP seals the nicks by making phosphodiester bonds in the ds or ss DNA and release of ADP.
The ligation in the plasmid did not occur properly hence the replication is interrupted hence no new plasmids with gene of interest replicated in the ligation carried out.
False
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The answer is false
Animal behavior researchers often refer to an activity associated with punishment or reward as an operant. The basis for training animals is the operant conditioning. It is a learning process where the animal would learn base from its behavior as it responds to its environment. In this type of learning, the behavior is either increased or decreased by the results that follows the action. It uses rewards and punishments in order to associate with the behavior. For instance, you are trying to teach your dog to fetch an object, if he succeeds in fetching the object, then you give your dog a treat. The dog would think that what it is doing is good and that it would get a reward from it so it would start learning the behavior.
It could be C but the best option would be B: they make their own food.
Yes, all ecosystems need to have a top predator (quaternary consumers) so that the cycle of the food chain can stay complete.