Explanation:
- Light energy is absorbed and transferred to the reaction center.
- A water molecule is split.
- Electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosystem I.
- ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Further Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside.
The chloroplast is a membrane bound organelle found in plants. It contains several invaginations of a plasma membrane called the thylakoid membrane. This contains chlorophyll pigments, in stacks called granum, while the internal spaces of the organelle are called the lumen. Liquid surrounds the granum, forming the stroma.
During the light reaction:
- Light is absorbed by pigments in phosystem II (PSII). This energy is transferred among pigments til it gets to the reaction center, and is transferred to P680; this promotes an electron to a higher energy level where it then goes to an acceptor molecule.
- Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent.
- the electron moves down an electron transport chain (ti PS I)where it experiences continuous energy loss. This energy fuels the pumping of H+ from the stroma to thykaloid, leading to the formation of a gradient. The H+ move along their gradient and cross through ATP synthase, into the the stroma.
- ATP synthase converts ADP and Pi to the energy storage molecule ATP.
- The electron gets to photosystem I where it goes to pigments at P700. It absorbs light energy, the electron is promoted to a higher energy level, and passed to an electron acceptor. This leaves a space for another electron which is then replaced by one from photosystem II.
- in the ETC, the molecule NADP is reduced to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.
Learn more about Photosynthesis at brainly.com/question/4216541
Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903
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1. Infections
If you end up being constipated, you are probably having trouble passing a stool. If the stool has become dry and hard from lack of moisture, it could make having a bowel movement painful. When the rectum is stretched out to accommodate the painful stool, the rectum could stay open resulting in rectal prolapse. This could lead to an infection.
2. Bad breath
One unusual side effect is bad breath. You may wonder how a condition that is occurring at one end of your body could affect the complete opposite end of your body, but it can. What happens is the gasses and toxic waste that are building up because you are constipated rises up and as it goes throughout the body and it usually ends up in your mouth.
3. Lowered ratio of healthy bacteria
Healthy bacteria in your body is called flora. The purpose of flora is to help with the production of vitamins and helps with your immune system. When you are constipated the amount of flora in your intestine is reduced putting you at risk for illness and infection.
Extra Options
4. Colon cancer
The colon is meant to store a couple of pounds of stools. If you become constipated, there is a buildup of stools and puts the colon at risk for ripping. When the colon becomes strained because it is overloaded, it strains the inner membrane. Ruptures and possible infections occur and it could lead to colon cancer.
5. Increased toxins
Your skin will show on the outside what your body is going through on the inside. If you become constipated, you will suffer an excess of toxins in your body. The skin, your largest organ, has to work overtime to get rid of these toxins. If your skin looks less than glowing you need to address the issues that are going on inside of your body before you start looking for a new facial cream.
From- naturalon.com
Answer:
1. sympathetic
2. parasympathetic
Explanation:
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system triggers the release of stress hormones from adrenal medulla under emergency conditions. There is a series of physiological responses such as increased heart and breathing rate, an increased flow of blood to skeletal muscles, dilation of pupils, etc. These events helped Nasim to fight the stress conditions.
Once she was relieved, the parasympathetic system is activated that shut down the physiological responses generated by sympathetic division. It slows down the breathing and heart rate and triggers the digestion and absorption of nutrients to restore the energy level of cells.
C. The brain sends messages to the spinal cord
Answer:
Option (c).
Explanation:
Eukaryotes may be defined as the organism that contains the well defined nucleus and membrane bound cell organelle. The eukaryotes contains morte cell organelles as compared with prokaryotes.
The ribosomes of eukaryotes are larger than the ribosomes of prokaryotes. The 80'S ribosomes are present in eukaryotes whereas 70'S ribosomes are present in prokaryotes.
Thus, the correct answer is option (c).
