Bacteria are identified by the shape and arrangement of cells. The basic shapes are bacillus, spirillus, and coccus. The arrangements may be described by adding prefixes to the shapes...diplococcus would indicate a pair of round bacteria.
Answer is B. Pioneer communities contain few species, while climax communities have many species.
Pioneer species are the first species that start life in an area. Their growth is fast and soon replaced by next community. Whereas, climax communities are made of many species. They are stable is not replaced by any other community. They are supporting new life.
In medicine, the hygiene hypothesis states that early childhood exposure to particular microorganisms (such as the gut flora and helminth parasites) protects against allergic diseases by contributing to the development of the immune system.
<h3>What is the role of eosinophils in hygiene hypothesis ?</h3>
Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes that contribute to initiation and modulation of inflammation.
- Eosinophils are extremely versatile effector cells that damage tissues or modulate the activity of other immune and stromal cells.
<h3>Why does having a parasitic worm help us ?</h3>
This is because parasitic worms have evolved strategies to block parts of the human immune system.
- These parts of the immune system, namely the eosinophils and IgE antibodies, are also the main players in allergies, IBD, and many other inflammatory diseases
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Answer: check explanation.
Explanation:
Transcription is a process in which protein is being produced or synthesized. Transcription can also be defined as the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to RNA. Transcription uses the DNA in the nucleus to make an RNA molecule. Then, the RNA will now leave the nucleus for ribosome(cytoplasm).
Transcription takes place in three steps and they are;
(1). INITIATION STEP: in this step, the RNA polymerase(an enzyme) binds to the promoter.
(2). ELONGATION STEP: in this step, we have the addition of nucleotides to the mRNA strand.
(3). TERMINATION STEP: In this step, we have the RNA polymerase crosses a terminating sequence in the gene. Here, the mRNA strand detaches itself from the DNA.
After the three steps above, we have the processing of the mRNA. This additional processing include, Splicing(removal of introns from mRNA), Editing( changes in nucleotides in mRNA) and Polyadenylation(addition of tail).
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Embryonic and early fetal development occurs in the first trimester.
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