There are four monoclonal antibodies (MAB) which specifically recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) together with their use in new methods for detecting and characterizing dsRNA in unfractionated nucleic acid extracts. The specificity of the antibodies was analyzed using a panel of 27 different synthetic and naturally occurring nucleic acids. All four antibodies reacted in a highly specific manner with long dsRNA helices, irrespective of their sequence; no binding to single-stranded RNA homopolymers or to DNA or RNA-DNA hybrids were observed.
Monoclonal antibodies
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.
Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, binding only to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody). In contrast, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and are usually made by several different antibody-secreting plasma cell lineages. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies can also be engineered, by increasing the therapeutic targets of one monoclonal antibody to two epitopes.
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Answer:
protected; increase
Explanation:
Ozone is composed of trioxygen which is highly reactive gas compared to dioxygen. Ozone layer is present in stratosphere and troposphere and protect the humans from ultraviolet radiations but it may be toxic if inhaled. Ozone can be broken down into molecular oxygen by chlorine and bromine atoms.
A hole was discovered in ozone layer in 1982 and scientist believed that it could be dangerous for human health. The compounds involved in depletion of ozone are mainly Chlorofluorocarbons (CFS) and (HFCS). Then a global agreement was signed in 1987 which leads to prohibition of use of all chemicals that are involved in depletion of ozone layer. The problem of ozone depletion is solved by the agreement and ozone hole started to recover it from 2000.
But recent reports showed that the alternative chemicals used to protect the depletion of ozone layer began to trap the heat inside the earth like greenhouse effect. Now scientists are in search of chemical that can prevent both ozone depletion as well as global warming.
C. Delirium
He is getting surgery for his hip and was medicated. The medicine made him delirious, that why it only why he was in the hospital
Answer:
In North America, around June 21, Earth tilts on its axis toward the sun, which is Summer Solstice and when the Northern Hemisphere has the most daylight of any time of year. Winter solstice the Northern Hemisphere tilts the farthest away from the sun and when we have the least amount of daylight of any time of the year.
Explanation:
As Earth revolves around the Sun, it rotates on its axis. Sometimes Earth tilts toward the Sun which is when Summer occurs. In the Winter Earth tilts away from the Sun.
