What is the formula for a confidence interval?

Mathematics

1 answer:

ikadub [295]2 years ago

5 0

Answer:

a) The formula is given by mean $\pm$ the margin of error. Where the margin of error is the product between the critical value from the normal standard distribution at the confidence level selected and the standard deviation for the sample mean.

b) $\bar X \pm z_{\alpha/2}\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}$

Step-by-step explanation:

Previous concepts

A confidence interval is "a range of values that’s likely to include a population value with a certain degree of confidence. It is often expressed a % whereby a population means lies between an upper and lower interval".

The margin of error is the range of values below and above the sample statistic in a confidence interval.

Normal distribution, is a "probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean".

If the distribution for X is normal or if the sample size is large enough we know that the distribution for the sample mean $\bar X$ is given by:

$\bar X \sim N(\mu, \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}})$

Part a

The formula is given by mean $\pm$ the margin of error. Where the margin of error is the product between the critical value from the normal standard distribution at the confidence level selected and the standard deviation for the sample mean.

Part b

The confidence interval for the mean is given by the following formula:

$\bar X \pm z_{\alpha/2}\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}$

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Find the Maclaurin series for f(x) using the definition of a Maclaurin series. [Assume that f has a power series expansion. Do n

aliya0001 [1]

Answer:

$f(x)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{(n-1)}2^{n}\dfrac{x^n}{n}$

Step-by-step explanation:

The Maclaurin series of a function f(x) is the Taylor series of the function of the series around zero which is given by

$f(x)=f(0)+f^{\prime}(0)x+f^{\prime \prime}(0)\dfrac{x^2}{2!}+ ...+f^{(n)}(0)\dfrac{x^n}{n!}+...$

We first compute the n-th derivative of $f(x)=\ln(1+2x)$ , note that

$f^{\prime}(x)= 2 \cdot (1+2x)^{-1}\\f^{\prime \prime}(x)= 2^2\cdot (-1) \cdot (1+2x)^{-2}\\f^{\prime \prime}(x)= 2^3\cdot (-1)^2\cdot 2 \cdot (1+2x)^{-3}\\...\\\\f^{n}(x)= 2^n\cdot (-1)^{(n-1)}\cdot (n-1)! \cdot (1+2x)^{-n}\\$

Now, if we compute the n-th derivative at 0 we get

$f(0)=\ln(1+2\cdot 0)=\ln(1)=0\\\\f^{\prime}(0)=2 \cdot 1 =2\\\\f^{(2)}(0)=2^{2}\cdot(-1)\\\\f^{(3)}(0)=2^{3}\cdot (-1)^2\cdot 2\\\\...\\\\f^{(n)}(0)=2^n\cdot(-1)^{(n-1)}\cdot (n-1)!$

and so the Maclaurin series for f(x)=ln(1+2x) is given by

$f(x)=0+2x-2^2\dfrac{x^2}{2!}+2^3\cdot 2! \dfrac{x^3}{3!}+...+(-1)^{(n-1)}(n-1)!\cdot 2^n\dfrac{x^n}{n!}+...\\\\= 0 + 2x -2^2 \dfrac{x^2}{2!}+2^3\dfrac{x^3}{3!}+...+(-1)^{(n-1)}2^{n}\dfrac{x^n}{n}+...\\\\=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{(n-1)}2^n\dfrac{x^n}{n}$