Solution :
Given :
The bonds offer a 
of 4.5% per year
Tax rate = 10% = 0.10
Inflation rate = 2
= + 
= 2 + 4.5
= 6.5
= 
= 
= 5.85
After tax real interest rate = 
-
= 5.85 - 2.0
= 3.85
= 7.0
= +
= 7 + 4.5
= 11.5
= 
= 10.35
= 11.5 x (1 - 0.10)
= 11.5 x 0.90
= 10.35
= -
= 10.35 - 7.0
= 3.35
Putting all the value in table :
Real interest Nominal interest After tax nominal After tax
rate rate interest rate interest rate
2.0 4.5 6.5 5.85 3.85
7.0 4.5 11.5 10.35 3.35
Comparing with the 
, a 
will increase the after after tax real interest rate when the government taxes nominal interest income. This tends to encourage saving, thereby increase the quantity of investment in the economy and the increase the economy's long-run growth rate.
<span>Family A: marginal rate 20%, average rate 10%</span><span>
Family B: marginal rate 40%, average rate 23% </span><span>
The marginal tax rate is the rate paid on the last dollar of income; this would be whatever tax bracket the family is in. The average price is the total tax divided by the total revenue. </span><span>
Family A: </span><span>
</span><span>
total income $40,000: this includes $10,000 at 0%, $20,000 at 10% (tax of $2,000), and $10,000 at 20% (tax of $2,000). The last rate paid is 20% so that is the marginal rate; the total tax paid is $4,000, divide that by $40,000 total income, that is the average rate. </span><span>
Family B: </span><span>
</span><span>
total income $100,000: this includes $10,000 at 0%, $20,000 at 10% (tax of $2,000), $20,000 at 20% (tax of $4,000), $30,000 at 30% (tax of $9,000), and $20,000 at 40% (tax of $8,000). The last rate paid is 40% so that is the marginal rate; the total tax paid is $23,000, divide that by $100,000 total income, that is the average rate.</span>
Irvine Welsh (born 27 September 1958) is a Scottish novelist, playwright and short story writer. His 1993 novel Trainspotting was made into a film of the same name. , Welsh says dance, music and its surrounding culture remain a major influence on his work.That is why he imply that the authenticity of the dance is brought into question because of global sharing?
When dance forms become globalized, the question of whether or not the style can maintain its authenticity is raised. This, in turn, raises the question of what it means to be culturally authentic in the first place, as well as whether or not a style of dance can truly be possessed by a person or people.
Dance is a deeply personal art form, steeped in traditions, emotions, and experiences. Authenticity is what keeps dance alive.
It's clear that authenticity is one of the most important values in our society - but it means different things to different people.For dancers, authenticity isn't just some word to be tossed around.
To learn more about of authenticity of the dance here
brainly.com/question/28179011
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Answer:
Portfolio B has a higher return but more volatile stocks. However it depends on how the individual can tolerate risks.
Explanation:
Expected return= free return + Beta (Expected rate of return – risk free rate)
Portfolio A
6%+ +.8*6%
= 6%+4.8%= 10.8%
Portfolio B
6%+1.5(6%)
6%+9%= 15%
It depends on different factors. Portfolio B has a higher return but more volatile stocks. However it depends on how the individual can tolerate risks.
Answer:
1. <em>Holders of the stock are entitled to receive current and all past dividends before common stockholders receive any dividends</em> - Cumulative Shares
Holders of Cumulative Shares will always receive the dividends owed to them because even if they do not get it in a particular period, the dividends will accrue until the company is able to pay them.
2. <em>Holders of the stock can receive dividends exceeding the stated rate under certain conditions - </em>Participating Shares
Participating Shareholders are eligible to receive an extra dividend provided that there is surplus profit after all the other dividends have been paid off.
<em>3. Holders of the stock are not entitled to receive dividends in excess of the stated rate. - </em>Non- Participating Shares
Even if there are surplus profits after all other dividends have been paid off, these holders are not entitled to that profit.
<em>4. Holders of the stock lose any dividends that are not declared in the current year - </em>Non- Cumulative Shares
If their dividend is not declared in a certain period, they will forfeit that dividend for the period.
