Always check for understanding because if not you’ll get it will get it wrong.
Answer:
All of the sentences have gerunds, since a gerund is a word (usually a verb) that ends in -ing.
Answer:
Radius of significant others
Explanation:
The term radius of significant others refers to a networking of relationships which are important to an individual, and whose range and variety of significant relationships expands from infancy through adolescence. In that matter, Dylan's radius of significant others implicates a sense of communion or connection between the people involved, such as her parents and teachers who encourage her to graduate from high school before moving to New York.