Dopamine is a chemical released by neurons to send signals to other nerve cells. the brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in reward motivated behavior.
smoking is a habit, in a habit there is the cue, routine, and reward. with smoking the cue can be different things, most commonly stress or anxiety. the routine how you react to those cues, the reward is the chemical 'triggers' that are pulled inside you're brain leaving you feeling calm, happy, or relieved, etc.
B. Phosphate group, since ATP includes phosphate
Answer:
its A and D
The time taken by light to reach pluto will be 5.6 hours.
<h3><u>Explanation</u>:</h3>
The light is a electromagnetic wave that has the highest velocity and same velocity as all other electromagnetic radiations existing in this universe. The light takes about 8.2 seconds to reach from sun to earth. So lets check howmuch time does light take to reach pluto from sun.
The speed of light was calculated to be 
m/s. This is the speed of each and every electromagnetic waves.
The distance of pluto from sun is huge. On an average it's 
km or 
m.
So time taken by light to reach from sun to pluto will be 
seconds. Or actually 5.6 hours.
The process that connects glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is the acetyl CoA formation.
