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4 years ago

ATP is synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation during which of the following?

Biology

2 answers:

insens350 [35]4 years ago

6 0

Answer: Option C.

Only glycolysis and the kreb cycle.

Explanation:

Substrate level phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is synthesized due to addition of phosphate group to ADP, catalysed by enzyme ATP synthase.This take place only in glycolysis and mitochondrial matrix during kreb cycle.

Glycolysis takes place in cytoplasm of the cell.

Two ATP molecules from breakdown of glucose, which is called pyruvate in the cytoplasm which produced four ATP during substrate phosphorylation. Two NADH molecules are produced which is used to produced 3 to 5 ATP molecules in the mitochondrial through electron transport chain. The kreb cycle produced ATP, NADH and FADH2 through the oxidation of pyruvate produced from glycolysis.

pav-90 [236]4 years ago

3 0

Answer:

C. only glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

Explanation:

Conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate and conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate during glycolysis obtains a total of 4 ATP molecules per glucose (2 from each reaction). Here, ATP formation occurs by the transfer of the phosphoryl group from a substrate such as 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Therefore, it is called a substrate-level phosphorylation.

Similarly, oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate into succinyl CoA and conversion of succinyl CoA into succinate forms 2 ATP molecules per glucose during Kreb's cycle. Here, the energy for ATP synthesis is provided by oxidative decarboxylation of a substrate. Therefore, it is also substrate-level phosphorylation.

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Angelina_Jolie [31]

Answer:

Based on the given information , the cellular structure , which don not function properly in Tay Sachs disease is Lysosomes 

Explanation:

LYSOSOMES -: In many animal cells, a lysosome is a membrane-bound organelle. These are spherical vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes that can break down many types of biomolecules. A lysosome, with both its membrane proteins and its lumenal proteins, has a particular composition. There are a number of enzymes in lysosomes, helping the cell to break down different biomolecules that it swallows, including peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates , and lipids (lysosomal lipase). For optimal function, the enzymes responsible for this hydrolysis need an acidic environment.

TAY SACHS DISEASE -: The autosomal recessive disorder Tay-Sachs is caused by mutations in both gene alleles (HEXA) on chromosome 15. HEXA codes for the enzyme β-hexosaminidase A alpha subunit. This enzyme is contained in organelles, lysosomes, which break down large molecules for the cell to recycle.

Normally, β-hexosaminidase A helps to degrade a lipid called ganglioside GM2, but the enzyme is absent or present only in very small amounts in Tay-Sachs individuals, enabling excessive accumulation of ganglioside GM2 in neurons. In the different types of Tay-Sachs, the progressive neurodegeneration seen depends on the speed and degree of accumulation of GM2 ganglioside, which in turn depends on the amount of functional β-hexosaminidase A present in the body.

Hence , the answer is lysosomes .

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Explanation:

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pav-90 [236]

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