Question

What is included in the body’s nonspecific defense against invading pathogens?

Answer 1

The body's nonspecific defiance against invading pathogens is known as innate immunity and includes the following:

mechanical barriers and surface secretions                                             

1. The intact skin and mucous membranes of the body. These provide a high degree of protection against pathogens.

2. The sebaceous secretions and sweat of the skin contain bactericidal and fungicidal fatty acids that can kill bacteria and fungi.

3. Normal bacterial flora of the skin may produce various antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocines and acids.

Humoral defence mechanisms

1. Lysozyme. This is an enzyme found in most tissue fluids apart from cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and sweat. It can kill bacteria.

2. Interferon. Inhibits viruses from replicating

3. Complement. This is a heat labile serum that can destroy gram-negative bacteria. 

Answer 2

The major organ of the body that shows non-specific defense against invading pathogens is skin. They include sweat, acid, mucus, oil in non-specific defense. Other than this, the body has a humoral defense mechanism, which is also non-specific.

Further Explanation:

The skin surface receives the secretions from the sweat glands, which contain lysozyme. This enzyme is responsible for digesting the bacterial cell wall. This feature alone does not make the skin barrier to infections. The acidic pH and mucus secretion also contribute to the barrier properties of the skin.

The sweat glands and oils are responsible for the acidic pH of 3-5 of the skin surface. This pH is acidic enough to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The skin surface receives the secretions from the sweat glands, which contain lysozyme. This enzyme is responsible for digesting the bacterial cell wall. The mucus that is secreted by the skin is a sticky fluid that is responsible for trapping the microorganisms.

The mucus that is secreted by the skin is a sticky fluid that is responsible for trapping the microorganisms. This is one of the few characteristic features of the skin that is responsible for acting as a barrier to infection. In the humoral defense, mechanism the body secreted lysozyme, interferon and complements and kills bacteria and prevents the invasion of bacteria.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Topic: Non-Specific Defense

Keywords:

Skin surface, non-specific defense, skin, lysozyme, interferons, complements, trap. Micro-organism, cell wall, sweat gland, oil, surface.