Secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG] only occur during pregnancy in the placenta. The concentration of this hormone increase rapidly during the first three months of pregnancy; the amount in the blood stream doubles every two to three days as the development of the placenta and embryo progress. The hormone reaches its maximum concentration peak around the sixth week of pregnancy and after this, its concentration decline.
Lactase an carbonic anhydride are examples of what type of substance is enzymes.
Penicillins disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis.
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How does penicillin affect bacterial cell walls?</h3>
- Penicillin kills bacteria by inhibiting the proteins which cross-link peptidoglycans in the cell wall .
- When a bacterium divides in the presence of penicillin, it cannot fill in the “holes” left in its cell wall.
- β-Lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems, are distinguished by a lactam ring in their molecular structure and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.
- Penicillins work by bursting the cell wall of bacteria. Drugs in the penicillin class work by indirectly bursting bacterial cell walls.
- They do this by acting directly on peptidoglycans, which play an essential structural role in bacterial cells.
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