Answer:
A. Cost of funds has changed
B. Firm's risk has changed
Explanation:
The required rate of return on bonds refers to an investor's expected rate of return which is based upon rate of return other investors earn in the market on similarly priced bonds. This is also referred to as yield to maturity i.e YTM.
Coupon rate of payment of bond is the interest payment on such bonds which is usually fixed at the time of issue of such bonds.
Required rate of return may differ on account of change in cost of funds to the issuer which is cost of debt denoted as 
. Cost of debt is determined by tax rate and net proceeds from the issue of such bonds.
Required rate of return may also change on account of change in the firm's risk. If the firm assumes more risk, such risk would deter investors from investing in such bonds and in such scenario, the firm has to offer higher coupon rate than the rate prevailing in the market to attract the investors.
Answer:
C. protects the current shareholders against a dilution of their ownership interests.
Explanation:
Preemptive rights are rights given to shareholders in an organization allowing them to buy additional shares in any future issue in order to maintain their percentage ownership, before the shares are available to the general public. It guards against dilution or decrease in a shareholders stake or ownership interest buy allowing them buy more shares for future issues before it is available for the general public to own shares. In doing so, shareholders avoid involuntary dilution.
Answer:
The most likely factor that this department store company would have considered in discontinuing its credit card operations is the issue of bad debt.
Bad debt may likely have prevented them from making the required profit to cater for the needs of the company such as payment of salaries and purchase of goods which if not treated may lead to the collapse of the company.
Answer:
$300,000
Explanation:
A company is implored to pay punitive damages if it only intentionally discriminated against employees or their federally protected rights.
The punitive charges paid under the Civil Rights Act of 1991 is $50,000 per violation, this covers an employee number of 14 - 100. While companies with over 500 employees are expected to pay $300,000 per violation.
Since Cellant Solar Energy, Inc. is involved in a case of intentional employee discrimination and it has 800 permanent employees working in different departments. The maximum punitive damage that they will have to pay under the Civil Rights Act of 1991 is $300,000.
