The answer is a population.
ER membranes flow to Golgi through ERGICs and get fragmented into small vesicles. When the cell divides, those vesicles within the daughter cells reassemble Golgi and ER to resume membrane traffic
The answer is ATP molecules being produced, this happens in light and dark.
All of the other options are either directly related to light/photosynthesis or are needed to complete it.
Pressure and heat is the two forces