The US government called the Five Tribes for a peace conference at Fort Smith in 1865 to ask the tribes to repudiate their treaties with the Confederacy.
The<em> Fort Smith conference</em>, convened on September 8, 1865, was an attempt to renegotiate the treaties between the US government and the tribes that had joined the <em>Confederacy</em> during the Civil War. The US representative, Dennis N. Cooley announced tribal delegates from the <em>Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek</em> and <em>Seminole</em> that, as they had allied to the Confederates, they had forfeited all their rights and protection from the US government. As a consequence, the tribes’ properties were to be confiscated, unless certain conditions were discussed for a new treaty.
The reason why the U.S. government asked the Five Tribes for a peace conference at Fort Smith in 1865 was to ask the tribes to repudiate their treaties with the Confederacy (B), as it was informed to the tribal delegates that the treaties signed with the Union before the Civil War were no longer valid and they had to negotiate new ones with the United States. The conference did not go well because the tribal delegates refused the new treaty stipulations and disagreements between loyalists and secessionists Native Americans hampered negotiations.
In 404 BCE, following the defeat of the Athenian military forces in Sicily, there was an oligarchy of 'the Thirty Tyrants' in Athens which was a particularly brutal regime, noted for its summary executions. Megara and Thebes were other states which had an oligarchic system.
