Answer:
In the Ottoman Empire, a millet (Turkish: [millet]) was an independent court of law pertaining to "personal law" under which a confessional community (a group abiding by the laws of Muslim Sharia, Christian Canon law, or Jewish Halakha) was allowed to rule itself under its own laws.
Despite frequently being referred to as a "system", before the nineteenth century the organization of what are now retrospectively called millets in the Ottoman Empire was not at all systematic. Rather, non-Muslims were simply given a significant degree of autonomy within their own community, without an overarching structure for the 'millet' as a whole. The notion of distinct millets corresponding to different religious communities within the empire would not emerge until the eighteenth century.[1] Subsequently, the existence of the millet system was justified through numerous foundation myths linking it back to the time of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (r. 1451–81),[2] although it is now understood that no such system existed in the fifteenth century.[3]
During the 19th century rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire, as result of the Tanzimat reforms (1839–76), the term was used for legally protected ethno-linguistic minority groups, similar to the way other countries use the word nation. The word millet comes from the Arabic word millah (ملة) and literally means "nation".[3] The millet system has been called an example of pre-modern religious pluralism.[4]
Johann Strauss, author of "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the Kanun-ı Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages", wrote that the term "seems to be so essential for the understanding of the Ottoman system and especially the status of non-Muslims".
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Answer:
observe, Reflect, Question, Investigate
Answer:
From a speech given by Alexander is to encourage his army to have confidence.
Explanation:
The Alexander's speech is to motivate his army that they can fight as the war this is between the victorious army and with the enemy who was already defeated. Anyways the opponents are going to fight for only the pay but not more than that. He also said to his army that although the danger has come to you, you didn't step back and look forward to winning the war. By these sentences by Alexander, we came to know that the purpose of the speech is to encourage his army to have confidence.
Answer: third amendment
Explanation:
The III amendment to US Constitution places restrictions on the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owners consent, forbidding the practice in peacetime
