Answer:
3. Antibody-independent pathways of complement activation rely on complement components that directly bind to microbial surfaces.
Explanation:
There are three pathways of complement activation:
- The classical pathway.
- The alternative pathway.
- The lectin pathway.
The classical pathway is triggered by binding of C1 either to the pathogen surface or to antibody bound to the pathogen.
The alternative pathway is triggered by the spontaneous hydrolysis of soluble C3 to C3(H₂O) and initiates eventual deposition of C3 convertase on microbial surfaces.
The lectin pathway is triggered by the binding of mannose-binding lectin or ficolins to carbohydrate residues in microbial cell walls and capsules.
Answer:
due to a possible microbial infection. It is associated with bacterial (most common) and fungal infections.
Explanation:
Answer;
Tuberculosis
Explanation;
Bloodborne transmission involves transmission through contact with infected human blood and other body fluids such as semen, viginal secretions etc.
These pathogens include; HBV, HIV, STD's and viral hemorrhagic fevers.
Tuberculosis (TB) is not transmitted through the blooborne method but through airborne particles.
In modern texts and in Earth system science, geosphere<span> refers to the solid </span>parts<span> of the Earth; it is used along with atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere to describe the systems of the Earth.</span>
Mitosis occurs in somatic cells when a liver cell divides to create new liver cells it will create identical daughter cells, identical to the parental cell, this guarantees the genetic composition, function and type of cells from one generation of cells to the next.
