Answer:
Wakefulness and sleep.
Explanation:
Hypothalamus may be defined as the small region of the brain that maintains the homeostasis of the body. The hypothalamus is divided into anterior hypothalamus and posterior hypothalamus.
The anterior hypothalamus of the brain is involved in the sleep activity of the organisms and releases the hormones also. The posterior hypothalamus is involved in the wakefulness of the individual.
Thus, the correct answer is wakefulness and sleep.
Answer:
The protists include plant-like organisms such as algae, animal-like organisms such as amoebas, and fungus-like organisms such as slime molds. They are also very important to us. ... The slime molds are important to ecosystems because they are decomposers, which release vital nutrients back into the environment.
Explanation:
Answer:
the skin cells prevent germs from coming in our bodies
Explanation:
The tree topology
The lengths of the branches
The branching order of the tree
Nucleotide substitution rate
These would not affect maximum likelihood estimates of phylogenies when comparing different tree hypotheses.
<h3>What is tree topology?</h3>
- A unique kind of structure called a tree topology has numerous connected parts arranged like the branches of a tree.
<h3>The lengths of the branches:</h3>
- Branch lengths are a sign of genetic divergence; the longer the branch, the more genetic divergence has taken place.
- Usually, we calculate the average number of nucleotide or protein substitutions per site to assess the degree of genetic alteration.
<h3>The branching order of the tree:</h3>
- The topology of a tree refers to its branching structure.
- Species (or higher taxa), populations, genes, and proteins are examples of taxonomic units that the nodes represent.
- A branch is referred to as an edge, and it represents an estimate of the length of time between the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic units.
<h3>What is nucleotide substitution rate?</h3>
- The instantaneous rate of change from each of the four nucleotides to each of the other four nucleotides is summarized in the nucleotide substitution rate matrix.
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All cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA. The plasma membrane, or cell membrane, is the phospholipid layer that surrounds the cell and protects it from the outside environment. Ribosomes are the non-membrane bound organelles where proteins are made, a process called protein synthesis.
