Ellular Respiration and Photosynthesis both have an ATP Synthase. These processes both have buildups of H+ and the ATP Synthase transports the hydrogen ions down the concentration gradient. This process is called Chemiosmosis.
<span>Similarities between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.
</span><span>Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis are both metabolic pathways. This means that the products created in Cellular Respiration are the reactants in Photosynthesis. While the products created in Photosynthesis are the reactants in Cellular Respiration. They are also metabolic pathways within themselves. In Photosynthesis, the products from the first phase (NADPH and ATP) are used in the second phase of Photosynthesis as a source of energy. In Cellular Respiration some products of glycolysis, intermediate step, Krebs Cycle are the reactants in Oxidation Phosphorylation. </span>
Answer: Yes.
Explanation:
Fermentation is a general term denoting anaerobic degradation of glucose or other organic nutrients in various products to obtain energy in the form of ATP. Fermentation occurs when, after glycolysis, the Krebs cycle is not performed, because the organism does not have it or because this pathway is blocked, such as during hypoxia (lack of oxygen). Fermentation is a process used by bacteria to obtain energy, does not use oxygen and occurs in the cytoplasm of cells, ie an intracellular process, and each step is catalyzed with the help of different enzymes.
Some industries use this process in the production of some products, known to all of us, such as:
1. yogurt is produced by the famous lactic fermentation, where bacteria called lactobacilli to produce lactic acid.
2. bread and beer are produced by alcoholic fermentation, where the fermentation is carried out by fungi (facultative anaerobic), which ultimately produce alcohol;
3. vinegar to that produced by acetic fermentation, which consists of a chemical reaction, where partial oxidation of ethyl alcohol occurs, obtaining acetic acid.
The "scissors" of the molecular biology are: DNA Restriction enzymes.
A restriction enzyme is a protein capable of cleaving a DNA fragment at a characteristic nucleotide sequence called a restriction site. Each restriction enzyme thus recognizes a specific site. Several hundred restriction enzymes are currently known.
Naturally present in a large number of species of bacteria, these enzymes have become important tools in genetic engineering.
The "glue" of the molecular biology are: DNA ligase
In molecular biology, DNA ligases are ligase-class enzymes that catalyze the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two segments of DNA. DNA ligases are involved in several essential cellular processes of DNA metabolism: in DNA replication, suture of Okazaki fragments, and in DNA repair and homologous recombination.
The use of these tools in molecular biology: Cloning
Molecular cloning is one of the bases of genetic engineering. It consists of inserting a DNA fragment (called insert) in an appropriate vector such as a plasmid for example. The new plasmid thus created will then be introduced into a host cell, generally the Escherichia coli bacterium. This will then be selected and multiplied to obtain a large amount of the plasmid of interest. Cloning a gene involves inserting it into a plasmid. A clone will be the bacterial transformant that contains this particular plasmid. In this case we speak of clone because all the individuals of the bacterial colony are genetically identical. Molecular cloning is thus different from reproductive cloning (creating an individual genetically identical to another but of a different age) or therapeutic cloning (making tissues from stem cells to perform transplants compatible with the recipient).
Molecular cloning requires restriction enzymes capable of cleaving the DNA, and DNA ligase capable of re-gluing the DNA fragments. Ligase was isolated for the first time from T4 bacteriophage. This enzyme is involved in the repair and replication of DNA. It can bind DNA fragments with compatible sticky ends. At higher concentration, this enzyme is also able to bind two ends of DNA as shown here. T4 DNA ligase works using ATP and Mg ++. It has an activity optimum of 16 ° C, but remains active at room temperature.
The answer is T A A C G T.
Replication is a process in which DNA molecule is copied, and thereby two identical DNA molecules are produced. Complementarity is achieved through interactions between nucleobases. In the DNA, base complements are adenine - thymine (A-T) and guanine - cytosine (G-C).
So, free nucleotides will add in the following order <span>T A A C G T:
original strand new strand
A T
T A
T A
G C
C G
A T</span>
