Answer:
There is a simple algebraic formula relating turbidity to optical properties. You do not need Mie theory. It is given in van de Hulst "Light scattering from small particles" (a nice cheap reprint from Dover Press). More easily accessible are any of the Mie calculators avaiable on the Internet, say Miecalc, these will give the exact result.
The genetic fault that usually causes colour vision deficiency is passed on in what's known as an X-linked inheritance pattern.
This means:
1) it mainly affects boys, but can affect girls in some cases
2) girls are usually carriers of the genetic fault – this means they can pass it on to their children, but do not have a colour vision deficiency themselves
3) it's usually passed on by a mother to her son – the mother will often be unaffected as she'll normally just be a carrier of the genetic fault
4) fathers with a colour vision deficiency will not have children with the problem unless their partner is a carrier of the genetic fault
5) it can often skip a generation – for example, it may affect a grandfather and their grandson
6) girls are only affected if their father has a colour vision deficiency and their mother is a carrier of the genetic fault
It allows scientists to explore new explanations for observations.