Answer:
b. Covalent bond between R groups
Explanation:
Disulfide bridge also known as disulfide bond or dicysteine bond is a type of interaction in which two cysteines of proteins come in close proximity with each other and form covalent bond with their functional (R) groups. The purpose of this bond is to stabilize the tertiary structure of a protein and make it more compact.
Please see the attached image for more understanding.
You could do a volcano or a rocket ship, or make them bulid atoms,
Answer: during the course of infection the parasite, Giardia lamblia, pass through many anatomical locations to achieve its pathogenic effects which occurs in one host.
Explanation: infective form of the parasite is the mature cyst. Infection is acquired through ingestion of cysts in contaminated water or food. From the mouth the cyst passes down to the duodenum where it undergoes excystation. The cyst hatches out two trophozoites. By means of concavity on its ventral surface the trophozoites attaches to the epithelial lining of the small intestines. Encrustation occurs commonly in transit down the colon. Trophozoites retract the flagella into the axonemes, the cytoplasm becomes condensed and a thin tough hyaline cyst wall is secreted. As the cyst matures, the internal structures are doubled, so that when excystation occurs, the cytoplasm divides thus reproducing two trophozoites. Trophozoites are expelled through the anus with diarrhoeal stools.
Emigration is aEarthquake is a density-independent limiting factor since the reason for an earthquake to happen is because of natural phenomena such as the drifting or the natural tectonic movement of the plates of the continents and islands. In this case, the population has nothing to do with earthquakes
