Answer:
Reciprocal altruism is one of the altruism behaviors in which an individual organism helps in increasing the fitness of another organism by reducing the fitness of itself temporarily in expectation of the same behavior from another organism in the future later.
It takes place in the same set of organism partners which is a continuous interaction ion in stable groups of organisms.
Thus, the correct answer would be - an ongoing interaction in the same set of partners.
Answer: right bottom is kidney
Left bottom is liver
Q. 4 part a, The excretory system.
B, kidney: The kidneys make urine by filtering wastes and extra water from blood. Urine travels from the kidneys through two thin tubes called ureters and fills the bladder.
And Q. 5 order, 3, 2, 1, 4.
Explanation:
<span>Ecosystem is where a group of living organisms are associated with its environment factors such as minerals or any non-living elements. These organisms and it's environment are in linked with each other through the cycles of energy and flows of chemical to each of them.</span>
“His third law states that for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction. In other words, if object A exerts a force on object B, then object B also exerts an equal and opposite force on object A. Notice that the forces are exerted on different objects.”
