The hawk, a carnivore (animal meat-eater), is predating on the rabbit, an herbivore (plant-eater). So the hawk can be seen as the predator and the rabbit as the prey.
But another type of relationship important in Ecology is consumers. So producers are the plants that feed a food web. That makes the rabbits the primary consumers (herbivores) of these plants. Then the hawks become the secondary consumers (carnivores) of the primary consumers, by eating the herbivores.
Hope that this makes sense!
If this is about the one specific paper it’s killing off all the hawks
Answer:
Permafrost areas have very cold air temperatures, thin topsoil, and most water is frozen during the winter. ... Tundra is found at high latitudes and at high altitudes, where the permafrost has a very thin active layer. The active layer of tundra is too thin for trees to grow, because it cannot support a tree's roots.
