I'm pretty sure it's the Second.
Become a citizen is the answer
The end of the Ice Age meant that there was going to be much more water than land. That flooded the ways of transport that Early People had, the result was that it as even more difficult finding food and shelter.
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Answer: Development as an excuse for imperialism.
Explanation:
Proponents of imperialism sought to justify their imperialist aspirations. Developed and powerful countries have always carried out imperialism over those who have not reached that development stage. Imperialism has always aimed to enrich itself at the expense of others. Yet to defend their aspirations, the imperialists have always pointed out that their main aim is to contribute to these underdeveloped countries' development. The construction of the infrastructure was a cover for that. Still, the real goal of constructing the infrastructure was to make it easier to transport exploited raw materials from third countries.