When compared to the positive control, a disinfectant dilution is considered to be useful if it stops bacterial growth.
Choosing a disinfectant:
When selecting a disinfectant, keep the following things in mind:
- The range of bacteria that need to be eliminated. Look into the specifications of the manufacturers.
- The conditions of usage of disinfectant.
Application of disinfectants :
- Activity: it is necessary for efficient disinfection since, once diluted, it degrades over time. Different disinfectants deteriorate at different rates. Obtain data from the manufacturers. Disinfectants that don't have a color indication, like Virkon, should be marked with an expiration date.
- Touch time: it has to be verified that the manufacturer's data to make sure the organism stays in contact for the specified amount of time. Considering that solid materials like cells and tissue granules are difficult for disinfectants to penetrate, autoclaving would be a more effective way to inactivate.
Therefore the correct choice is an option (A).
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Fossils up to 75,000 years old can be dated with Carbon-14.
Radio isotopes can be used for the age determination of the fossils. Carbon-14 is a common isotope which is used for that purpose. But the half- life of the Carbon-14 is relatively small as 5730 years. That means the amount of Carbon-14 will be half after every 5730 years. Hence, decay is very fast. So Carbon-14 cannot be used forage determination which is more than 75000 years due to the low accuracy.
A scientific hypothesis is an educated guess that is made about an observation based on the prior knowledge of the scientist. Hypothesis are always testable.
An hypothesis can be tested through experimentation and it can also be tested through deductive methods.
Answer: Directional selection occurs when individuals with traits on one side of the mean in their population survive better or reproduce more than those on the other. ... Directional selection does the “heavy lifting” of evolution by tending to move the trait mean toward the optimum for the environment.
