The evidence supporting the idea that modern birds and reptiles share a common ancestor is that feathers are a derived characteristic that first evolved in reptiles. Feathers represent an evolutionary derived trait.
In evolutionary biology, an autapomorphy is a distinctive phenotypic trait referred to as a derived trait, which is unique to a particular group/taxon.
The derived traits are phenotypic features that arise during the evolution of a particular taxonomic group.
These traits (derived traits) differ from the phenotypic trait of the ancestor of the group.
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Gregor Mendel was an important scientist, considered to be the founder of the science of genetics. His experiments on the crossbreeding of plants and the passing down of favourable traits, led him to establish the laws of Mendelian inheritance. He was using pea plants for his experiments and he was studying seven different pea traits: pea shape and color, pod shape and color, flower color, plant size and position of flowers.
