Answer:
The circled letters represent the genotypes of the two parents
The top 2 letters (A a) is the genotype of one of the parents
The 2 letters on the far left (AA) is the genotype of the other parent
Answer:
Nitrogenous bases known as Glutamine, Thymine, Adenine, and Cytosine.
True: light reactions occur inside of the the thylakoids membranes and they produce oxygen, ATP, and NADP
Bacteria have different phage resistance mechanisms, such as spontaneous mutations, the CRISPR-Cas system.
Spontaneous mutations are the main mechanisms leading to phage resistance by altering the structure of bacterial wall components that act as phage receptors. These include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins, cell wall teichoic acids, capsules, and other bacterial components.
Fruit flies share 75% of the genes that cause diseases with humans, so scientists can learn about human genetics by studying fruit fly genetics.
