Answer:
The answer to this question is given below in this explanation section.
Explanation:
"advantages of interconnecting air sacs for birds"
The air sacs permit a unidirectional flow of air through the lungs.Unidirectional flow means that air moving through birds lungs is largely fresh air and has a higher oxygen content.In contrast air flow is bidirectional in mammals moving back and forth into and out of the lungs.As a result air coming into a mammals lung is mixed with old air has less oxygen. so in bird lungs,more oxygen is available to diffuse into the blood(avian respiratory system).
- The air sacs are thin membrane structures connected to the primary or secondary bronchi via ostia and they comprise most of the volume of the respiratory system.
- Air sacs are poorly vascularized by the systemic circulation and do not directly participate in significant gas exchange but act as a bellows to ventilate the lungs.In most species,there are nine air sacs which can be considered in cranial and caudal functional groups.
- The cranial group consists of the paired cervical air sacs,the unpaired clavicular air sacs and the paired cranial thoracic air sacs.
Chromosomes are pieces of tightly packed DNA that prove useful in copying DNA for mitosis.
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<span>If the offspring of a particular cross are 100 percent heterozygous for tallness, then the most likely genotypes of the parents are TT and tt. Let T be dominant allele and t be recessive allele. The genotypes will be: TT (dominant homozygote), Tt (heterozygote), and tt (recessive homozygote). If we cross a dominant and a recessive homozygote all of the offspring will be heterozygote: TT x tt = Tt, Tt, Tt, Tt.</span>
Answer:
Protein A can be a cytoplasmic and protein B can be a membrane protein.
Explanation:
The polar amino acid will have the hydrophilic side chain so they provide the hydrophilic nature to protein and thats why usually found on outer surface of water souluble proteins.
Cytoplasm is 80% water, so these proteins usually found in cytoplasm.
The non-polar amino acid will have the hydrophobic side chain and thus provide hydrophobic nature to protein and usually found in interior portion of membrane protein.
Plasma membrane is made up of hydrophobic lipids bilayer, so these proteins are usually found in plasma membrane.
