Shortly after midnight on this day in 1961, East German soldiers begin laying down barbed wire and bricks as a barrier between Soviet-controlled East Berlin and the democratic western section of the city.
After World War II, defeated Germany was divided into Soviet, American, British and French zones of occupation. The city of Berlin, though technically part of the Soviet zone, was also split, with the Soviets taking the eastern part of the city. After a massive Allied airlift in June 1948 foiled a Soviet attempt to blockade West Berlin, the eastern section was drawn even more tightly into the Soviet fold. Over the next 12 years, cut off from its western counterpart and basically reduced to a Soviet satellite, East Germany saw between 2.5 million and 3 million of its citizens head to West Germany in search of better opportunities. By 1961, some 1,000 East Germans–including many skilled laborers, professionals and intellectuals–were leaving every day.
In August, Walter Ulbricht, the Communist leader of East Germany, got the go-ahead from Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to begin the sealing off of all access between East and West Berlin. Soldiers began the work over the night of August 12-13, laying more than 100 miles of barbed wire slightly inside the East Berlin border. The wire was soon replaced by a six-foot-high, 96-mile-long wall of concrete blocks, complete with guard towers, machine gun posts and searchlights. East German officers known as Volkspolizei (“Volpos”) patrolled the Berlin Wall day and night.
Many Berlin residents on that first morning found themselves suddenly cut off from friends or family members in the other half of the city. Led by their mayor, Willi Brandt, West Berliners demonstrated against the wall, as Brandt criticized Western democracies, particularly the United States, for failing to take a stand against it. President John F. Kennedy had earlier said publicly that the United States could only really help West Berliners and West Germans, and that any kind of action on behalf of East Germans would only result in failure.
Answer:
in order to have something
Explanation:
so that the country can be stable
Answer:
A. Birth rate.
Explanation:
The bir th rate refers to the ratio of the number of live -born bir ths per year. In other words, it is the number of people or animals, or living beings born per year.
To measure the number of children born in a country, the best rate measure will be the bir th rate. This will provide the number(s) of babies born in that particular place in a year.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Answer:
The anti-slavery movement
Explanation:
After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, gaining note for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings.
There are 5 major accomplishments during the Second Continental Congress. First, the Continental Army was established on June 1775 and made George Washington the General. Secondly, the Olive Branch petition was sent to the King of Britain on July 8 1775. Next is the Declaration of Independence on the 4th of July in 1776 declaring the United States as an independent country. On June 1777, they passed the flag resolution for an official United States Flag. Lastly, the creation of a real government after signing the articles of confederation on March 1781.
