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Oliga [24]
3 years ago
8

Edwin sutherland's differential association theory suggests that ________.

Social Studies
1 answer:
spayn [35]3 years ago
6 0
Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association Theory states that criminal behavior is <span>learned in social interaction.</span>
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Why have some criticized utilitarianism on the basis that it is the ‘morality of swine’? How does Mill address this objection?
Elodia [21]

Answer:

Explanation:

As a theory, utilitarianism is usually thought to start with Jeremy Bentham, however, similar ideas were evident in the writings of David Hume in An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1)and Francis Hutchinson, whom David Hume studied under, in his An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue (2). Utilitarianism tells us an act is moral insofar as it creates the greatest good for the greatest number. It tells us to take the amount of happiness distributed between sentient beings and look at which distribution is going to maximise the amount of happiness. It gives a systematic answer. Throughout the past two centuries utilitarianism has been very influential within practical disciplines of politics and economics. As a result, utilitarianism has had an influence modern life, particularly public policy. What could be more important when making political deliberations than aiming to make people’s lives better and less unhappy?

One of the first utilitarian theorisers, Jeremy Bentham, is famously credited for being the founder of the doctrine. Bentham defined utility as “instrumental to happiness”. He believes that all judgements of good and bad can be based on pleasure and pain. He is seen as an advocate of psychological hedonism. In his famous introduction of An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1979), Bentham states “Nature has placed man under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure.” Therefore, pain and pleasure provide the basis for his moral theory of ‘what we ought to do’. Initially, he began his career by studying law and then moved on to moral ethics in order to advise legislators. He was primarily interested in improving the law and his goal for the legislator was the utilitarian principle or the greatest happiness principle. Therefore, his advice was not initially aimed for individuals and their life choices but for the legislator. Although Bentham sees pleasure as the key of explaining how human beings act, he relies more often on the concept of pain when constructing his legal theory. While he does endorse act-utilitarianism, his ‘sanction-based’ theory of obligation is more applicable to the legal system he was so interested in improving.

John Stuart Mill is also one of the most well-known utilitarian thinkers and defenders of the theory. His celebrated thoughts can be found in his famous essay: Utilitarianism. Mill observes something of a crisis in moral thinking. Philosophical thinkers have been unable to come to a consensus on the principle of what constitutes right and wrong. Mill argues that having such a foundation is necessary to legitimise morality. This is why the theory of utilitarianism is so important.

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill categorise and measure utility and pleasure in different ways. Bentham uses the hedonic calculus which decides the value of pleasure by seven measures of quantity: duration, intensity, certainty or uncertainty, remoteness or propinquity, fecundity, extent and purity. Bentham is well-known for his treating of all pleasures as of equal value. By this he means not that all pleasures are of exactly equal, but that the legislator who his work on utilitarianism is aimed at should not be valuing one pleasure above another.

John Stuart Mil’s idea of higher and lower pleasures has been viewed as flawed in itself. It has been criticised as a self-serving idea. For example, an intellectual will view his preferred enjoyments as a higher, more important pleasure. Therefore, as an intellectual, it could be argued that Mill himself is biased towards what constitutes as higher and lower pleasures.

6 0
2 years ago
Two citizens are arguing over the role and influence of the many organized interest groups that try to impact public policy. The
myrzilka [38]

Answer:

Pluralist Theory is a theory which states that a mass of groups can bring change or impact policies of the USA, instead of only one party or group. The second citizen is saying exactly that, he claims that many different perspectives of competing groups will bring about only policies acceptable to a consensus of the citizenry. So, we can conclude from his beliefs that the second citizen believes in the political theory of <u>Pluralist Theory.</u>

6 0
3 years ago
What are the effects of child abuse
sasho [114]
Child abuse causes many problems
the biggest 2 would be
1.wanting to commit suicide
2. mental insanity
5 0
3 years ago
An observer must know that social learning is occurring for it to be effective.
morpeh [17]

The correct answer is; False

Further Explanation:

The social learning theory started in 1977. A psychologist named Albert Bandura is the one who began this theory. He believes that two of the behaviorist learning theories coincide with the social learning theory, they are;

  • classical conditioning theory
  • operant conditioning theory

Anyone who is observing someone does not need to know that social learning is occurring. It is going to be effective no matter if someone knows or not. Children are the best example since they learn from adults in their life, from characters on the TV, and even their peers.

Learn more about social learning at brainly.com/question/14011757

#LearnwithBrainly

8 0
3 years ago
What type of circuit does this figure represent?
babymother [125]

Answer:

series circuit

Explanation:

7 0
3 years ago
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