Answer:
d. less than 100% of the energy captured from sunlight is transformed into potential energy in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient and then into potential energy in the form of covalent bonds
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is process utilized by plants, several bacteria and protists to convert the light energy to chemical energy. So they utilize the photosynthesis as the powerhouse for the energy production. Heterotrophs like human that cannot synthesize their own food, use this converted form of energy by autotrophs.
During the light reaction of photosynthesis the photons from light are absorbed by photosystem I and II. These photons excites the electrons which flow through the electron transport chain from higher potential to lower potential. These electrons release the energy while moving from higher potential to lower potential which is utilized by H+ pump to pump the H+ to lumen of plastids from stroma and of course not the 100% energy is utilized some of the energy dissipates. . So this process causes the accumulation of high potential H+ ions across the membrane. These H+ ions are utilized for the production of ATP by ATP synthase complex when they flow back to lower potential across the membrane through ATP synthase complex.
The ATP and NADPH produced from light reaction are utilized to combine carbon molecules during dark reaction. The covalent bond is used to combine the carbon molecules and we know that combining carbon molecules stores energy in the form of covalent bond.
It can be replicated by other experimenters and yield the same results shows the quality of a successful scientific experiment.
<h3>What is Scientific Experiment?</h3>
A scientific experiment refers procedure that is carried out in a building inorder to support or against an hypothesis or to determine whether the existence of something that has not been tried or it's efficacy.
This give insight about cause or effect of something by manipulating one of the factors.
Therefore, It can be replicated by other experimenters and yield the same results shows the quality of a successful scientific experiment.
Learn more about scientific method fro the link below.
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The actual ecosystem services include the following:
- pollination of crops by bees
- land stabilization by plants
- production of carbon dioxide
That is option 2, 3, 5, 6.
<h3>What is ecosystem services?</h3>
Ecosystem is defined as the system that consists of both living and non living things that work together to form a stable environment.
Ecosystem services are defined as those direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to human wellbeing, which have an impact on their survival and quality of life.
The ecosystem services are made up of the following:
- Regulating: These regulating services include pollination of crops by bees, land stabilization by plants, production of carbon dioxide and flood control.
Learn more about ecosystem here:
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Animal cell structures and organelles interact as a system to maintain homeostasis by making sure each part of the system works together.
