Critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk of developing gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding owing to stress ulcers, which is associated with a prolonged length of stay (LOS) in the ICU and an increased risk of death.
- To prevent GI bleeding in these critically ill patients, ICU doctors frequently prescribe stress ulcers prophylaxis (SUP).
- Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine type 2 receptor blockers (H2Bs) are the most commonly used SUP agents.
- Sepsis has been considered a risk factor for the development of stress ulceration and GI bleeding for many years, and SUP is recommended by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for patients with sepsis or septic shock who have risk factors for GI bleeding.
- Although these guidelines further recommend either H2Bs or PPIs when SUP is indicated, there is limited evidence of the effects of H2Bs in comparison with PPIs when used as SUP in critically ill patients with sepsis.
- A recent meta-analysis of a general population of patients in the ICU suggested that PPIs are the most effective agents in preventing clinically important GI bleeding. However, two retrospective studies found that PPIs were associated with a higher rate of GI bleeding than H2Bs.
- In clinical practice, PPIs are more commonly prescribed by critical care providers, possibly because of their superior acid suppression capability in comparison with H2Bs.
- However, PPI use is not without risk. Some studies have shown that patients receiving PPIs have a higher risk of nosocomial pneumonia, Clostridium difficile infection(CDI), and myocardial infarction.
- Accordingly, it is reasonable to evaluate the comparative effects of SUP using PPIs and H2Bs on important outcomes in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.
- A retrospective cohort study compares two strategies for SUP among adult patients with sepsis or septic shock who have risk factors for GI bleeding.
- Specifically, hypothesized that PPIs are associated with a lower occurrence of GI bleeding and in-hospital mortality than H2Bs but may increase the risk of pneumonia and CDI.
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Answer:
VERY SLOWLY.
Explanation:
When he air we breathe is readily saturated with water, the sweat on your skin can't evaporate. This state of the body will leave you feeling sticky and warm, in as much as the body tries to cool down. High humidity in hot weather will only worsen your discomfort, as the moisture simply sits on your skin unable to evaporate.
In the effort to cool, our bodies must work even harder. This leaves our body to excessive sweating, depth of blood circulation, increased rate and also increased respiration.
Answer:
All green algae produce large, stationary eggs
Explanation:
The research on the evolution of land plants has shown that the plants have evolved from the green algae especially the "Charophytes" which grows in on the rocks attached to the rocks on the seashore.
The evidence that plants evolved from the green algae was supported by the:
1. The storage material of both the plants and algae is the same that is starch
2. both the algae and plants have the sporophytic and gametophytic life cycle
3. Both the plants and algae possess the same type of the photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll a,b,c,d and others.
4. Both have a cell wall made of cellulose
But the green algae produce the stationary eggs does not support the hypothesis as the plants not necessary produce the stationary eggs.
Thus, the selected option is correct.
Answer:
The answer is A
Explanation:
I just got that question on usatestprep.
Answer:
No.
Explanation:
Pink flower colour in snapdragon is as a result of incomplete dominance. The pink flower colour has no allele in nature. Instead, the pink colour results from incomplete dominance of the allele that codes for red flower colour over the allele that codes for the white flower colour.
Assuming that the allele for red flower colour in the plant is R and the allele for white flower colour is r, true breeding red and white flower colour plants will have the genotype RR and rr respectively. In heterozygote state (Rr), the phenotype is usually pink, showing that the R allele has incomplete dominance over the r allele.
<em>Hence, there is no way for plant breeders to develop a true-breeding pink-flowered snapdragon. without some genetic manipulations/mutation.</em>
