Decision-making is one of the important leadership quality that plays a very important role in the small and big organization to make decisions.
Decision-making skills include some important steps that are; <u>identify your goal or problem; analyze the information and weigh the different actions; identify the consequences and select the correct option; and implement the right course of action.</u>
So, in the given example, managers use decision-making skills.
Hence, the correct answer is "D. decision-making".
Paine says that it is irrational and absurd for such a huge amount of land with practically unlimited resources, to be dominated by such a small island. So basically he said that the argument lacks evidence and ethos