<span>This is because the tax on a carton of cigarette is about $10plus. It used to be $3plus before the Obama administration and when the cost of tax is added to the sales price, it makes it more expensive for the average consumer, however, black market sellers usually avoid paying taxes thats why it is black market.</span>
Consumer Surplus
This is the difference between what consumers are willing and able to pay and what they actually do pay. You may be willing to spend up to $100 on a new pair of shoes but if you find the perfect pair on sale for $20 you will buy those and there will be an $80 surplus.
Answer:
a) Qs = 50 + 20p - 7ps
= 50 + 20p - 7×(2)
= 50 + 20p - 14
= 36 + 20p
At equilibrium, 
= 
So, 150 - 10p + 5
= 36 + 20p
So, 20p + 10p = 30p
= 150 - 36 + 5
= 114 + 5
So, p = (114/30) + (5/30)
= 3.8 + 0.17
Thus, 
= 3.8 + 0.17
Q = 36 + 20p
= 36 + 20(3.8 + 0.17)
= 36 + 76 + 3.4
= 112 + 3.4
Thus, 
= 112 + 3.4
b) = 3.8 + 0.17
= 3.8 + 0.17×(5)
= 3.8 + .85
= 4.65
= 112 + 3.4
= 112 + 3.4(5)
= 112 + 17
= 129
c) Qd = 150 - 10p + 5pb = 150 - 10(2.5) + 5(5) = 150 - 25 + 25 = 150
Qs = 36 + 20p = 36 + 20(2.5) = 36 + 50 = 86
Thus, there is excess demand as >
d) New = 180 - 10p + 5
= 180 - 10p + 5×(5)
= 180 - 10p + 25
= 205 - 10p
Now, new = gives,
205 - 10p = 36 + 20p
So, 20p + 10p = 205 - 36
So, 30p = 169
So, p = 169÷30
So, = 5.63
Q = 205 - 10p = 205 - 10×(5.63) = 205 - 56.3 = 148.7
So, = 148.7
Answer:
A). The demand curve looked by the flawlessly serious firms are splendidly versatile this is a result of the items selling in the ideal rivalry. The items are indistinguishable so no firm has power over the market cost, in the event that one firm builds the cost of the item the purchasers will quickly move to the result of different firms on the grounds that the items are indistinguishable. No firm has the motivator lessen the cost of their item. So the interest bend would be a level straight line corresponding to the X pivot, this demonstrates the interest is splendidly versatile. A cost increment will bring the amount requested to zero.
B). The monopolists is just the single vendor in the market, so he can charge any value he needs, yet the amount requested will be relied on the value he charges. For instance in the event that he charges a significant expense the amount demanded will be very less and the other way around. So the monopolist is capable sell more at lower costs just, the descending inclining request bend shows the negative connection between the cost and the amount requested.
C). In the ideal rivalry there is consummately flexible interest so the MR curve is likewise the interest curve of the firm. For the monopolist the MR curve lies underneath the interest curve, as the costs go bring down the MR decreases.
