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3 years ago

How does free enterprise differ from laissez faire?

1 answer:

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A free market economy is one in which the government does not set or control prices, supply, or demand. A laissez-faire economy is one in which transactions between different companies or people are not subject to tariffs, government subsidies, and enforced monopolies.

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Developing the cash flow for each alternative in a study is a pivotal, and usually the most difficult, step in the engineering e

Volgvan

Answer:

The concept of equivalence, also known as economic equivalence, describes the reduction of a series of cash inflows (benefits) and cash outflows (costs) to a single point in time, using a single interest rate, which enables the cash flows to be compared or equated. This implies that while the amounts and timing of the cash flows (both inflows and outflows) may differ, an appropriate interest rate, factoring in the time value of money, will cause one set to be equal to the other. Therefore, to establish economic equivalence, series of cash flows that occur at different points in time must be equalized using a single interest rate through present value calculations.

Explanation:

The concept of equivalence describes a combination of a single interest rate and the idea of the time value of money. This combination helps to determine the different amounts of money at different points in time that are equal in economic value, such that a person would not hesitate to trade one for the other.

For example, if the interest rate is 10% in Year 1 and in Year 2 and you are to be paid $1,000 in Year 1, it will not make any difference to you if you are paid $1,100 in Year 2. This is because, given the prevailing interest rate of 10%, the value you receive in Year 1 and Year 2 are equivalent.

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3 years ago

Airborne Airlines Inc. has a $1,000 par value bond outstanding with 10 years to maturity. The bond carries an annual interest pa

yanalaym [24]

Answer:Yield to maturity is 9.59%; After tax cost of debt =7.672%

Explanation:

A) Yield to maturity ={ C + (FV-PV)/t} / {(FV +PV)/2}

Where C – Interest payment = $90

FV – Face value of the security

= $1000

PV – Present value/curent market value = $960

t – years it takes the security to reach maturity= 10 years

imputing the values and calculating,

yield to maturity ={ C + (FV-PV)/t} / {(FV +PV)/2}

= $90 + (1000-960)/10} / 1000 + 960 /2

$90 + 4= $94 /980= 0.0959

therefore Yield to maturity is 9.59%

B) After tax cost of debt = Yield To Maturity x (1 - tax rate)

=9.59% x (1-20%)= 9.59% x (1-0.2 )= 9.59% x 0.8 =

9.59 % x 80%=7.672%

4 0

3 years ago

The managerial accountant at Safety, Inc. prepared a Flexible Budget Performance Report. The managerial accountant noticed a $5,

alexandr1967 [171]

Answer:

The managerial accountant found out that the cost of the units previously sold was higher than the selling price per unit.

If the variance is unfavorable, it means that the total budgeted costs were larger than the total budgeted revenue. In this case the variance was $5,600 unfavorable. We are not told how many units were sold but it is obviously a mistake to sell products at a lower price than COGS. So the previous flexible budget was not properly prepared.

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3 years ago

Nuthatch Corporation began its operations on September 1 of the current year. Budgeted sales for the first three months of busin

lutik1710 [3]

Answer:

c.$209,160

Explanation:

Given that the cash received from each sale will be collected over 2 months. If 30% of mechanize is to be sold for cash, then 70% will be sold on account. Further more, 80% of the credit/sale on account will be collected in the month of sale and 20% in the following month.

Hence for October, cash collection will include 20% of credit sale from September and 80% of the credit sale in the month.

Given that sales in September is $250,000

Amount expected to sold on account

= $250,000 - (30% × $250,000)

= $175,000

Amount expected to be collected from this sale in October

= 20% × $175,000

= $35,000

Amount of credit sale in October

= $311,000 - (30% × $311,000)

= $217,700

Amount of this credit sale to be collected in October

= 80% × $217,700

= $174,160

Total collected from accounts receivable in October

= $174,160 + $35,000

= $209,160

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2 years ago

Consider a single factor APT. Portfolio A has a beta of 2.0 and an expected return of 19%. Portfolio B has a beta of 1.0 and an

Aleksandr-060686 [28]

Answer:

Invest 50% in portfolio A and the rest 50% in risk-free asset to create Portfolio D, we will have the same systematic risk as that of Portfolio B.

The expected return of Portfolio D = 11%

Portfolio D and Portfolio B have the same beta of 1.0. But, portfolio D has a higher return of 11% as compared to the expected return of Portfolio B of 8%.

Buy Portfolio D, and sell Portfolio B.

Explanation:

A risk free asset is referred to an asset that provides a virtually guaranteed return and no possibility of loss.

Risk-free asset has a beta of 0.

Portfolio D Beta = Wa × Portfolio A Beta + Wb × Risk-free asset beta

1.0 = Wa * 2.0 + Wb * 0

Wa = 1.0/2.0

Wa = 0.50

If we invest 50% in portfolio A and the rest 50% in risk-free asset to create Portfolio D, we will have the same systematic risk as that of Portfolio B.

The expected return of Portfolio D = 0.50 × 0.19 + 0.50 ×0.03

The expected return of Portfolio D = 0.11

The expected return of Portfolio D = 11%

Portfolio D and Portfolio B have the same beta of 1.0. But, portfolio D has a higher return of 11% as compared to the expected return of Portfolio B of 8%.

Buy Portfolio D, and sell Portfolio B.

7 0

2 years ago